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Languages

- system of visual, auditory, or tactile symbols of communication and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon. Though commonly used as a means of communication among people, human language is only one instance of this phenomenon - Wikipedia.

Linguistics

- scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. Theoretical (or general) linguistics encompasses a number of sub-fields, such as the study of language structure (grammar) and meaning (semantics). The study of grammar encompasses morphology (formation and alteration of words) and syntax (the rules that determine the way words combine into phrases and sentences). Also a part of this field are phonology, the study of sound systems and abstract sound units, and phonetics, which is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and perceived.

Linguistics compares languages (comparative linguistics) and explores their histories, in order to find universal properties of language and to account for its development and origins (historical linguistics). Applied linguistics puts linguistic theories into practice in areas such as foreign language teaching, speech therapy, translation, and speech pathology - Wikipedia.

Computational Linguistics

Tokyo University (JP), OpenCourseWare

overview of natural language processing in Japanese and English, processing of text, natural language processing based on linguistics, analysis of morpheme, larger linguistic units, statistical processing & applications such as information retrieval and extraction, summarization, machine translation, and search inquiry

Languages and Linguistics - Resource Page

Prime Sites

  • iLoveLanguages (US) - catalog of language-related Internet resources, more than 2400 links: online language lessons, translating dictionaries, native literature, translation services, software, language schools

  • The LINGUIST List (US) - forum where academic linguists discuss issues & exchange info: people & organizations (directory of linguists, societies, projects & research sites, funding sources, noticeboard, ask a linguist), jobs, calls & conferences, publications, language resources (links, metasites, language & families, constructed languages, writing systems, language novelties), text & computer tools, teaching & learning, mailing lists

  • National Centre for Languages (CILT) (UK) - supports & develops multilingualism & intercultural competence, collects, interprets, provides info, offers professional support in teaching & training & to users & providers of language services: policy initiatives, info+library, training+professional development, research+consultation, national, regional+virtual networks, publications, qualifications, standards + QA, promoting, community, learning, business + employment, educational sectors, online resources for teachers & learners, ideas & guidance for teachers, national advisory centre on early learning, solving challenges of international communications work, inspiration, advice for careers, online business services

  • Subject Centre for Languages, Linguistics and Area Studies (LLAS) (UK) - publicly funded service providing UK-wide support and services for higher education: Events, Resources (Materials, Good Practice Guide, Area Studies library collections, Reference Centres, Specialist Advisory Groups), Publications, Projects, Directory, Forum, News, Funding opportunities

Other Sites

Free Language Lessons Online

Internet Polyglot

helps learn foreign languages by providing way to memorize words and their meanings: play (games, flashcards), Foreign Languages, Create Your Lesson (Share With Friends), News, World Map, Dictionary, Competitions, Widget, Tutorials

Introduction to Philosophy of Language

MIT OpenCourseWare (US)

nature of meaning, reference, truth, and their relationships, relationships between language and logic, language and knowledge, language and reality, language and acts performed through its use: readings

Language Resources

Word2Word (US)

breaking down language barriers and assisting users who have the desire to learn a language, a need to communicate between languages and for those who work with languages as a profession: online dictionaries & translators, free online language courses

Introduction to the Study of Language

California University (US)

examines nature of language, how science of linguistics analyzes language data, how language is acquired & interacts with human biology & psychology, specific examples of linguistic argumentation & experiments presented & discussed: links

Psychology of Language

Glasgow University (UK)

introduction to psycholinguistics, basic units of language, neuropsychology of language, language development/acquisition, non-human language

Language and Mind

Maryland University (US)

units of human languages, human minds & ability to master language, children & language, language disorders, relation between language and 'thought', spoken language & thought: overview, homework, readings, resources

Introduction to Linguistics

MIT (US), OpenCourseWare

provides some answers to basic questions about nature of human language a surprisingly intricate yet law-governed & fascinating mental system, how children acquire language, ways in which languages are affected by contact with other languages, representation of linguistic phenomena in the brain: projects, related resources, review material

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